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1.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1136743

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess clinical predictors and outcomes associated to the need for surfactant retreatment in preterm infants. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, including very low birth weight preterm infants from January 2006 to December 2015 who underwent surfactant replacement therapy. Beractant was used (100 mg/kg), repeated every six hours if FiO2 ≥0.40. The subjects were classified into two groups: single surfactant dose; and more than one dose (retreatment). We evaluated maternal and neonatal predictors for the need of retreatment and neonatal outcomes associated to retreatment. Results: A total of 605 patients (44.5%) received surfactant; 410 (67.8%) one dose, and 195 (32.2%) more than one dose: 163 (83.5%) two doses and 32 (16.4%) three doses. We could not find clinical predictors for surfactant retreatment. Retreatment was associated to a greater chance of BPD in infants >1000 g (RR 1.78; 95%CI 1.30‒2.45) and ≤1000 g (RR 1.33; 95%CI 1.04‒1.70), in infants with gestational age<28 weeks (RR 1.56; 95%CI 1.12‒2.18) and ≥28 weeks (RR 1.50; 95%CI 1.17‒1.92), in neonates with early sepsis (RR 1.48; 95%CI 1.20‒1.81), and in infants not exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (RR 1.62; 95%CI 1.20‒2.17) Conclusions: We could not find predictor factors associated to surfactant retreatment. The need for two or more doses of surfactant was significantly related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar preditores clínicos e resultados associados à necessidade de retratamento com surfactante. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva com prematuros de muito baixo peso, no período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2015, em uso de terapia de reposição de surfactante. O surfactante utilizado foi beractante (100 mg/kg), repetido a cada seis horas se FiO2≥0.40. Foram analisados dois grupos: dose única de surfactante e mais de uma dose (retratamento). Foram avaliados preditores maternos e neonatais para retratamento e resultados neonatais. Resultados: 605 pacientes (44,5%) receberam surfactante; 410 (67,8%) uma dose e 195 (32,2%) mais de uma dose: 163 (83,5%) duas doses e 32 (16.4%) três doses. Não foram encontrados fatores associados ao retratamento com surfactante. A displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) foi associada ao retratamento (p<0.01). A presença de retratamento aumentou a chance de ocorrência de DBP em neonatos >1000 g (RR 1,78; IC95% 1,30‒2,45) e ≤1000 g (RR 1,33; IC95% 1,04‒1,70), em recém-nascidos com idade gestacional <28 semanas (RR 1,56; IC95% 1,12‒218) e ≥28 semanas (RR 1,50; IC95% 1,17‒1,92), naqueles com sepse precoce (RR 1,48; IC95% 1,20‒1,81), e nos que não foram expostos ao corticoide antenatal (RR 1,62; IC95% 1,20‒2,17). Conclusões: Não encontramos fatores preditores associados à necessidade de retratamento. A necessidade de duas ou mais doses de surfactante está associada à displasia broncopulmonar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/drug therapy , Biological Products/administration & dosage , Pulmonary Surfactants/administration & dosage , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Gestational Age , Retreatment/adverse effects , Retreatment/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight , Infant, Extremely Premature
2.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 90(6): 624-631, dic. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058193

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir factores de riesgo de reconsulta en pacientes con diagnóstico de gastroenteritis aguda, identificables en su primera visita a Urgencias. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio casos-control, incluye pacientes entre 0-16 años que consultan en Urgencias de un hospital terciario durante 4 años. Se define caso el episodio de Urgencias con diagnóstico de gastroenteritis que reconsulta durante las 72 h posteriores. Se seleccionó un control por cada caso, siendo este el primer paciente que consultó tras cada caso con el mismo diagnóstico y que no reconsultó posteriormente. Se estudiaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas e intervenciones diagnóstico-terapéuticas llevadas a cabo durante la primera visita, realizándose análisis uni y multivariable del riesgo de reconsulta utilizando modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Los diagnósticos de gastroenteritis supusieron el 5,3% de todas las visitas a urgencias. 745 pacientes (6,2%) reconsultaron en las siguientes 72 h. En el análisis multivariado se encontró asociación entre la reconsulta con cada año de aumento de edad (OR 0,94; IC 95%: 0,91-0,97), ausencia de vacunación de rotavirus (OR 1,47; IC 95%: 1,11-1,95), no valoración previa en atención primaria (OR 1,55; IC 95%: 1,09-2,19), mayor número de deposiciones en las últimas 24 h (OR 1,06; IC 95% 1,02-1,10) y recogida de coprocultivo en Urgencias (OR 1,54; IC 95%: 1,05-2,24). CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes de menor edad con elevada frecuencia de deposiciones son especialmente susceptibles de volver a consultar en los servicios de Urgencias. La vacunación frente a rotavirus podría disminuir las reconsultas. Ninguna de las actuaciones diagnóstico-terapéuticas realizadas parece disminuir el número de revisitas a Urgencias.


INTRODUCTION: The objective of this work is to describe risk factors for reconsultation in patients with an acute gastroenteritis diagnosis, identifiable in their first visit to the Emergency Department. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Case-control study, including patients aged between 0-16 years who consulted in the Emer gency Department (ED) of a tertiary hospital for 4 years. The case is defined as the episode with a gastroenteritis diagnosis that reconsulted within 72 hours. A control was selected for each case, which was the first patient to consult after each case with the same diagnosis and not reconsulted later. Epidemiological and clinical variables, and diagnostic-therapeutic interventions carried out during the first visit were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the reconsultation risk were per formed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Gastroenteritis diagnoses accounted for 5.3% of all ED visits. 745 patients (6.2%) reconsulted within 72 hours. Multivariate analysis found association between reconsultation with each year of increasing age (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.97), absence of rotavirus vaccination (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11-1.95), no prior assessment in primary care (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09-2.19), increased stool output in the last 24 hours (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10), and stool collection in the ED (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.05-2.24). CONCLUSIONS: Younger patients with an increased stool output are especially susceptible to return to the ED for consultation. Rotavirus vaccination could reduce reconsultation. None of the diagnostic-therapeutic actions carried out seems to reduce the number of visits to the ED.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Case-Control Studies , Acute Disease , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Retreatment/statistics & numerical data , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Gastroenteritis/therapy
3.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 32: e27, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889498

ABSTRACT

Abstract The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the clinical outcomes of dental implants placed in previously early and late implant failed sites. An electronic literature search was conducted in several databases for articles published up to February 2018. Human clinical trials that received at least one implant in a previously failed site were included. Hence, the PICO question that was aimed to be addressed was: Do patients undergoing implant replacement (second and third attempts) in previous failed sites have survival rates similar to implants placed at first attempts? A random effects model was used to calculate survival weighted means and corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) among studies. Eleven studies of low to moderate methodological quality were included in this review. Implants placed in sites with history of one and two implant failures had a weighted survival rate (SR) of 88.7% (95%CI 81.7-93.3) and 67.1% (95%CI 51.1-79.9), respectively. Implants placed in sites with a previous early failure revealed a weighted SR of 91.8% (95%CI 85.1-95.6). First implants presented higher SR than implants placed in sites with one or two previous implant failures. In contrast, implants placed in sites with one and two implant failures had similar SR. Within its limitations, this review suggests that replacement implants have moderate SR. Larger prospective studies with well-defined criteria for early and late implant failure are necessary to confirm and expand on these results.


Subject(s)
Dental Implantation, Endosseous/statistics & numerical data , Dental Implants/statistics & numerical data , Dental Restoration Failure/statistics & numerical data , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Retreatment/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(12): 4095-4104, Dez. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890232

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este estudo investigou os fatores associados aos casos de retratamento de tuberculose por recidiva e por reingresso após abandono. Trata-se de um estudo transversal tipo analítico dos casos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação em municípios prioritários do Estado do Maranhão, de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2010. Para identificar as associações foi utilizado o modelo de regressão logística. Os pacientes com idade entre 40 e 59 anos (OR = 1,49; p = 0,029) e com a forma clínica pulmonar (OR = 2,79; p = 0,016) apresentaram maior chance para recidiva. Os reingressos após abandono tiveram maior chance nos indivíduos do sexo masculino (OR = 1,53; p = 0,046), com idade entre 20 e 39 anos (OR = 1,65; p = 0,007), com menos de oito anos de estudo (OR = 2,01; p = 0,037) e dependentes de álcool (OR = 1,66; p = 0,037), os quais apresentaram maior chance de novo abandono (OR = 5,96; p < 0,001). Esses dados reforçam a necessidade de estratégias direcionadas a esse grupo, como a ampliação do tratamento supervisionado, intensificação da busca ativa, acompanhamento pós-alta e ações de educação em saúde.


Abstract This study investigated factors associated with cases of tuberculosis retreatment due to relapse and readmission after treatment abandonment. This is an analytical cross-sectional study type of cases reported in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases in priority municipalities in the State of Maranhão, from January 2005 to December 2010. A logistic regression model was used to identify the association. Patients aged between 40 and 59 years (OR = 1.49, p = 0.029) with a pulmonary clinical form (OR = 2.79, p = 0.016) were more likely to incur relapse. Readmissions after abandonment were more likely in males (OR = 1.53, p = 0.046), aged between 20 and 39 years (OR = 1.65, p = 0.007), with less than eight years of schooling (OR = 2.01, p = 0.037) and with alcohol dependence (OR=1.66, p = 0.037), which showed a higher probability of another abandonment (OR = 5.96, p < 0.001). These data reinforce the need for strategies aimed at this group, such as increased supervised treatment, intensified active search, post-discharge follow-up and health education action.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Medication Adherence , Recurrence , Brazil , Logistic Models , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Retreatment/statistics & numerical data , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Educational Status , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged
5.
J. bras. pneumol ; 39(3): 330-338, jun. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678259

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between extubation failure and outcomes (clinical and functional) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: A prospective cohort study involving 311 consecutive patients with TBI. The patients were divided into two groups according to extubation outcome: extubation success; and extubation failure (defined as reintubation within 48 h after extubation). A multivariate model was developed in order to determine whether extubation failure was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: The mean age was 35.7 ± 13.8 years. Males accounted for 92.3%. The incidence of extubation failure was 13.8%. In-hospital mortality was 4.5% and 20.9% in successfully extubated patients and in those with extubation failure, respectively (p = 0.001). Tracheostomy was more common in the extubation failure group (55.8% vs. 1.9%; p < 0.001). The median length of hospital stay was significantly greater in the extubation failure group than in the extubation success group (44 days vs. 27 days; p = 0.002). Functional status at discharge was worse among the patients in the extubation failure group. The multivariate analysis showed that extubation failure was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR = 4.96; 95% CI, 1.86-13.22). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with TBI, extubation failure appears to lengthen hospital stays; to increase the frequency of tracheostomy and of pulmonary complications; to worsen functional outcomes; and to increase mortality. .


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre falência da extubação e desfechos clínicos e funcionais em pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva com 311 pacientes consecutivos com TCE. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o resultado da extubação: sucesso ou falência (necessidade de reintubação dentro de 48 h após extubação). Um modelo multivariado foi desenvolvido para verificar se a falência de extubação era um preditor independente de mortalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 35,7 ± 13,8 anos, e 92,3% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A incidência de falência da extubação foi de 13,8%. A mortalidade hospitalar foi, respectivamente, de 20,9% e 4,5% nos pacientes com falência e com sucesso da extubação (p = 0,001). A realização de traqueostomia foi mais frequente no grupo falência da extubação (55,8% vs. 1,9%; p < 0,001). A mediana de tempo de permanência hospitalar foi significantemente maior nos pacientes com falência do que naqueles com sucesso da extubação (44 dias vs. 27 dias; p = 0,002). Os pacientes com falência da extubação apresentaram piores desfechos funcionais na alta hospitalar. A análise multivariada mostrou que a falência da extubação foi um preditor independente para a mortalidade hospitalar (OR = 4,96; IC95%, 1,86-13,22). CONCLUSÕES: A falência da extubação esteve associada a maior permanência hospitalar, maior frequência de traqueostomia e de complicações pulmonares, piores desfechos funcionais e maior mortalidade em pacientes com TCE. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Airway Extubation/mortality , Brain Injuries/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Glasgow Outcome Scale , Multivariate Analysis , Prospective Studies , Retreatment/statistics & numerical data , Tracheostomy/statistics & numerical data , Ventilator Weaning/statistics & numerical data
6.
J. bras. pneumol ; 35(10): 998-1007, out. 2009. ilus, tab, mapas
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530495

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar (TBP) no município de Santos (SP) segundo fatores biológicos, ambientais e institucionais. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, com dados obtidos na vigilância da TB, abrangendo pacientes com TBP maiores de 15 anos de idade, residentes em Santos (SP) e com tratamento iniciado entre 2000 e 2004. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 2.176 casos, e 481 apresentavam história prévia de TB. Desses, 29,3 por cento curaram-se no episódio anterior, e 70,7 por cento abandonaram o tratamento. Em 61,6 por cento e em 33,8 por cento dos casos, o diagnóstico foi confirmado por baciloscopia e por critérios clínico-radiológicos, respectivamente; 69.0 por cento eram homens, e 69,5 por cento situavam-se entre 20 a 49 anos. Houve 732 hospitalizações, com tempo médio de permanência de 32 dias na primeira internação. A prevalência de alcoolismo, diabetes e coinfecção TB/HIV foi de, respectivamente, 11,7 por cento, 8,2 por cento e 16,2 por cento, com declínio dessa última de 20,7 por cento para 12,9 por cento no período de estudo. O desfecho do tratamento para 71,0 por cento, 12,1 por cento, 3,2 por cento e 3,3 por cento foi, respectivamente, cura, abandono, óbito por TB e óbito por TB/HIV. O tratamento supervisionado de curta duração foi aplicado em 63,4 por cento dos casos, e não houve diferenças nos desfechos entre os tipos de tratamento (p > 0,05). A incidência anual média de TBP foi de 127,9/100.000habitantes (variação: 72,8-272,92/100.000 conforme a região). A taxa anual média de mortalidade por TBP foi de 6,9/100.000 habitantes. CONCLUSÕES: Em áreas hiperendêmicas de TB, o tratamento supervisionado de curta duração deve ser priorizado para os grupos de risco para o abandono de tratamento ou óbito, e a busca de TB entre contatos deve ser intensificada.


OBJECTIVE: To characterize the profile of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the city of Santos, Brazil, according to biological, environmental and institutional factors. METHODS: Descriptive study, using the TB surveillance database, including patients with PTB, aged 15 years or older, residing in the city of Santos and whose treatment was initiated between 2000 and 2004. RESULTS: We identified 2,176 cases, of which 481 presented a history of TB. Of those 481 patients, 29.3 percent were cured, and 70.7 percent abandoned treatment. In 61.6 percent of the cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by sputum smear microscopy, whereas it was confirmed based on clinical and radiological criteria in 33.8 percent; 69.0 percent were male; and 69.5 percent were between 20 and 49 years of age. There were 732 hospitalizations, and the mean length of hospital stay was 32 days (first hospitalization). The prevalence of alcoholism, diabetes and TB/HIV coinfection was, respectively, 11.7 percent, 8.2 percent and 16.2 percent. The prevalence of TB/HIV coinfection decreased from 20.7 percent to 12.9 percent during the study period. The treatment outcome was cure, abandonment, death from TB and death attributed to TB/HIV coinfection in 71.0 percent, 12.1 percent, 3.9 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively. The directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) was adopted in 63.4 percent of cases, and there were no significant differences between DOTS and the conventional treatment approach in terms of outcomes (p > 0.05). The mean annual incidence of PTB was 127.9/100,000 population (range: 72.8-272.92/100,000 population, varying by region). The mean annual mortality rate for PTB was 6.9/100,000 population. CONCLUSIONS: In areas hyperendemic for TB, DOTS should be prioritized for groups at greater risk of treatment abandonment or death, and the investigation of TB contacts should be intensified.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Endemic Diseases/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Directly Observed Therapy/methods , Directly Observed Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Epidemiologic Methods , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Retreatment/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Young Adult
7.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 85(5): 397-402, set.-out. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BVSAM | ID: lil-530114

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a incidência de falha de extubação em recém-nascidos prematuros com peso de nascimento < 1.250 g extubados para pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas nasais e identificar os principais fatores de risco que possam estar associados à necessidade de reintubação nessa população. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes internados e ventilados mecanicamente durante o período de julho de 2002 a junho de 2004. Falha na extubação foi definida como necessidade de reintubação nos primeiros 7 dias após a primeira tentativa de extubação. RESULTADOS: Entre 52 pacientes estudados, 13 faleceram antes da primeira tentativa de extubação. Do restante, apenas nove falharam na extubação (23,1 por cento). Comparando esses recém-nascidos com aqueles extubados com sucesso, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação a peso de nascimento, idade gestacional e escore de Apgar no 5º minuto. Após a regressão logística, apenas a idade gestacional se manteve significativa. Alguns resultados secundários também foram significativamente diferentes: incidência de hemorragia intracraniana graus III e/ou IV, persistência do canal arterial e óbito. CONCLUSÕES: Nosso estudo demonstrou uma incidência de falha na extubação semelhante à da literatura. O principal fator de risco para falha nessa população foi a prematuridade (≤ 28 semanas). Nesses prematuros extremos, a implementação de estratégias para extubação precoce, o uso de metilxantinas, a prevenção da abertura do canal arterial e o uso de outros métodos de assistência ventilatória pós-extubação podem contribuir para a melhora desses resultados.


OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of extubation failure in preterm newborns with birth weight < 1,250 g extubated to nasal continuous positive airway pressure and to identify the main risk factors associated with the need for reintubation in this population. METHODS: A retrospective review of eligible infants admitted and mechanically ventilated between July 2002 and June 2004 was performed. Extubation failure was defined as the need for reintubation within 7 days after the first extubation attempt. RESULTS: Of the 52 patients included in the study, 13 died before the first extubation attempt. Of the remaining 39 patients, only nine failed extubation (23.1 percent) Comparing the two groups (failure vs. successful), there was a statistically significant difference regarding birth weight, gestational age and 5-minute Apgar score. After logistic regression, only gestational age was significant. Other secondary outcomes showed significant difference between the groups: intracranial hemorrhage grade III and/or IV, patent ductus arteriosus and death. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of extubation failure in our population was similar to the rate reported in the literature. The main risk factor for extubation failure was prematurity (≤ 28 weeks). In this population of extreme preterm infants, implementation of strategies for early extubation, use of methylxanthines, prevention of patent ductus arteriosus, and use of different modes of assisted ventilation after extubation may improve the outcomes.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Birth Weight , Ventilator Weaning/adverse effects , Epidemiologic Methods , Infant, Premature , Retreatment/statistics & numerical data , Treatment Failure
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